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Below are very common radio terms that it
helps to be familiar with when you're ordering
radio imaging, and when you're becoming part
of the biz. You've seen this sort of list
all over the net, but here's the most comprehensive
we've gathered so you can get the basics under
your belt. Using proper terminology as a station
helps you to cleary tell the talent exactly
what you want. If you use proper terminology
and the talent has no idea what you're talking
about, you may wish to hire someone else.
Imaging and Station Genres/Styles/Beds:
AC/AAA:
Adult Contemporary/Adult Album Alternative
Voicing is up and bright, beds and styles
are high impact but not intrusive like Rock
or Mainstream.
ALTERNATIVE:
Voice style is hard driving direct "rocky"
but the bed or production style is more laid
back and not so intrusive like Rock.
CHR:
Contemporary Hit Radio (formerly Top 40):
Voice style is direct and hard driving. Beds
and production styles include dance rhythms,
club mixes and techno beats.
CHURBAN:
A hybrid Radio format which mixes CHR (Contemporary
Hit Radio) with Urban (Hip Hop, R&B, etc.)
. Voice style is the same as CHR. Bed and
Production styles lean toward R&B hip
-hop.
HURBAN:
Hispanic Urban Mix - A genre type Invented
by Clear Channel in 2004 - before then it
was just Latino Urban. Voice style is the
same as CHR. Bed and Production styles lean
toward R&B hip -hop with an Hispanic flare.
MAINSTREAM:
Voice style is upbeat with some stutters and
lots of vocal effect like enormous deep voices
and on -hold filters. Beds and styles are
high impact tense attention -getters.
NC:
New Country. Voice is up and bright with a
country attitude. Beds and production styles
reflect rock -a -billy styles.
NARRATIVE:
The true test of the voice actor. This is
dry voiced, involves character voicing and
the ability to act.
NEWS/TALK:
A very corporate style. The Voice is direct
and professional with very few up and down
peaks or effects. The production style is
corporate, serious.
ROCK:
Voice style is hard driving full of
stutters echoes repeating phrases. Beds and
production styles are hot and high energy
full heavy impact tense sound effects.
SOFT
AC: Voice style is smooth and
flowing. Beds and production are very light
and low impact.
OTR:
Old Time Radio: Voice is cheery and bright!
Beds and Production reflect 50s commercials.
DRY
VOICED/READ: Absolutely no production
effects or music other than clean voice. You
may request echoes, flangers, reverb, other
filters and stutters.
COLD
READ: Voice Talent reads the
copy unrehearsed the first time they see it.
Not considered a voicing style but is often
a method used by creative directors to determine
talent's experience.
Other Definitions:
Aircheck:
Recorded copy of a broadcast, either digitally
or on magnetic tape. Some stations will expect
live airchecks - those are auditions.
Bed:A
production element, usually instrumental music,
but occasionally a continuous sound effect
(like wind, for example) that is used as background
for a commercial, promotional announcement,
etc. A pre made bed is a bed that is used
over and over again applying different voice
over copy and talent.
Backsell: Refers
to the DJ technique where the deejay announces
the title and/or artist of the song just played.
Brown Noise:
Noise that's created from inconsistant annoying
background sounds like a fan, jet flying over,
cars passing by. Brown is short for - Brownian
motion - Noise showing a random walk behavior,
as in Brownian motion. It has a frequency
spectrum. It's very difficult to edit out
unlike white noise.
Bumper:
A pre -recorded audio element consisting of
voice over and music or effects that acts
as a transition between elements like two
songs. Bumpers are quick - usually 10 seconds
or under.
Bumper Sting:
Bumpers which provide high humor for the purpose
grabbing attention in a shocking but humorous
fashion.
Call Sign/Letters: The official, legal name
of a Radio station. For example: WABC or KOSL
-FM
Cans:
Industry term for Headphones. Experienced
jocks will still call them cans although it's
not a common term anymore. Most people call
them phones now.
Copy: Written
material such as a commercial, a promotional
announcement, a public service announcement
or any other worded information that will
be read by Voice Talent. Many people still
learning the biz will call this a script.
Scripts are not copy.
Dead Air:
The biggest mistake in radio - complete silence
Desser or D'Ser:
Is either mixing hardware or mixing software
which is used to eliminate over pronounced
S's that have a tendancy to crackle the mic.
Donut/Doughnut:
Yes an essential food source for DJs but also
terminolgy meaning to surround another message.
Typically it's formula is content - sound
bed - content. There's jingle donuts and voice
donuts. Another voice, other than the beginning
and end voice talks in the middle of the donut.
Drops: Sound
bites lifted from movies, TV and other sources.
Image: Anything that creates a station image
- sweeper, liner, bumper, call letters, jingle..
etc..
Imaging:
Imaging is a general term for the type of
sweepers or promos you produce. Imaging is
how you position a Radio station within the
marketplace. Imaging defines the station as
a product so that the listener (consumer)
knows what he/she will get when tuning in.
Jingle:Produced
programming element which is usually produced
by professional studio singers who sing DJ
names or station positioning phrases. While
not as popular today, some US oldies stations
still prefer this style of imaging. Some stations
will refer to sweepers as jingles however
it is not the correct industry term to use
for sweeper.
Liner:
A written imaging phrase, sentence or sentences
that are repeated over an intro of a record
or during a break between songs and spots.
Usually, Liners stand by themselves and are
meant to communicate concise imaging.
Lead in/Lead
out: A few seconds of silence
at the beginning and end of voice work which
allows for proper cross-fading. Typically
they'll be about 1 to 2 seconds of silence.
Logo:
Not a common term but is slang that's being
used more and more with internet radio stations
to mean the radio slogan. It's not encouraged
to keep using this term.
Mic:
Simply it means microphone.
Montage/Music
Montage: Typically voicing
in between snippits of songs to create a promo
for a particular event. Montages are only
encouraged for promotions since they can be
long (30 - 90 seconds) and bring a listener
out of their music enjoyment. A common mistake
is for stations to use montages as part of
their imaging. Listeners already know what
the music is about, there is no need to remind
them in your imaging unless you're using it
to promote a station event. A lot of stations
are using this as well for DJ show introductions.
These should be kept under 30 seconds to keep
the listeners tuned in.
Nail It: To
say the copy perfectly the way the client
or director intended.
Pitch: This
is somewhat like singing where you find the
pitch - the correct note. Pitch to voice actors
means whether their voice should become higher
or lower as they speak much like a singer
changing octaves. More succesful voice actors
can do a variety of pitch levels changing
the age and ethusiasm level in their voice.
Production Element: Any audio element such
as music, sound effect, audio effect (reverb,
echo, etc.) used in creating a final audio
mix.
Pop: Yes
a refreshing beverage but also it is to make
a definite Popping sound in the mic usually
when saying the letter P. "Popping your
P's"..Getting yourself a Pop Screen to
attach to the front of your mic usually solves
this problem but more often than not is setting
the mic to the proper angle.
Promo:
An announcement which promotes an upcoming
event, promotes a specific element of the
station, a show, or a DJ. Today is also a
common term among webcasters to mean commercial.
PSA: Public
Service Announcement like a commercial to
get tested regularly for HIV.
Ramp: An instrumental beginning leading up
to the vocals or the voice. A DJ will often
talk during the ramp portion of a song.
Rumble:
An unwanted occurance creating a low distrubing
dominant sound louder than the voice - this
can be caused by speaking too closely to the
mic, shaking the mic, breathing across the
mic, popping your P's, air conditioning vents
or fans pointed at the mic.. etc.. Mic rumbles
are very hard to remove if captured in a recording.
It's always advised that the mic is positioned
properly on a firm surface or mounted from
the ceiling and the studio is completely sound
proof. Bass rumbles on the other hand are
caused by having the bass volume up way too
high while recording. Many females will do
this to have more suductive sounding voice
- however over-doing the bass will cause a
rumble and also more often than not causes
the voice to sound distored and slurred or
washed out.
Script:
A book or pages of lines that a voice actor
will say. Unlike Copy, a script is the correct
term when speaking of narration jobs or film
parts.
Slogan: The catch phrase for a radio station,
product or service like Microsoft's - Where
do you want to go today?
Slate:
A device used to mark the beginning of a new
segment/scene etc.. A bookmark for editing
later. Some voice artists will use bell tones
while others will use timer slates.
Soundbite: A snippet of audio usually culled
from an interview and used in conjunction
with a news story. Length may vary, but in
general, soundbites are anywhere from :05
to :15 seconds. But, this is not a firm standard.
Spot:
Another word for a commercial.
Stinger: A sound effect or musical effect
that punctuates a punch line or emphasizes
a thought. This is not a sweeper, it is a
production element.
Stop Set:
The place where commercials are played during
a typical broadcast hour.
Sweeper: Usually a recorded element (dry voice
or voice over music or sound effects) that
bridges two songs together. It's purpose is
to create a transition from commercials back
to music. A sweeper is unlike a bumper in
that the music and style may be in direct
contrast to the elements which come before
and after. Common length is 20 seconds. Any
longer and it's referred to as a promo.
Take:Each
time a voice actor records a particular copy
or portion of script. There are one take wonders
- but it's not common nor encouraged. If a
voice actor is settling for their first take
every time - they're not really trying to
be their best. To the contrary, if the voice
actor always uses many takes to nail it after
a cold read - they need more practice. The
less of the directors time you take up, the
more jobs you'll get.
White Noise:
Noise in the background that
sounds like static at a consistant level or
an electrical hum from equipment not being
grounded properly - the formal definition:
Acoustical or electrical noise of which the
intensity is the same at all frequencies within
a given band.
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